## Warning: package 'fastICA' was built under R version 4.2.2
## Warning: package 'psych' was built under R version 4.2.2
## Warning: package 'knitr' was built under R version 4.2.2

Actual Image

Image compression using principle component analysis (PCA).

Image compression using Singular value decomposition (SVD)

Image compression using factor analysis(Anderson/Bartlet score)

## Loading required namespace: GPArotation
## Warning in fac(r = r, nfactors = nfactors, n.obs = n.obs, rotate = rotate, : I
## am sorry, to do these rotations requires the GPArotation package to be installed
## Warning in cor.smooth(r): Matrix was not positive definite, smoothing was done
## The determinant of the smoothed correlation was zero.
## This means the objective function is not defined.
## Chi square is based upon observed residuals.
## The determinant of the smoothed correlation was zero.
## This means the objective function is not defined for the null model either.
## The Chi square is thus based upon observed correlations.
## Warning in fa.stats(r = r, f = f, phi = phi, n.obs = n.obs, np.obs = np.obs, :
## The estimated weights for the factor scores are probably incorrect. Try a
## different factor score estimation method.
## Loading required namespace: GPArotation
## Warning in fac(r = r, nfactors = nfactors, n.obs = n.obs, rotate = rotate, : I
## am sorry, to do these rotations requires the GPArotation package to be installed

## Warning in fac(r = r, nfactors = nfactors, n.obs = n.obs, rotate = rotate, :
## Matrix was not positive definite, smoothing was done
## The determinant of the smoothed correlation was zero.
## This means the objective function is not defined.
## Chi square is based upon observed residuals.
## The determinant of the smoothed correlation was zero.
## This means the objective function is not defined for the null model either.
## The Chi square is thus based upon observed correlations.
## Warning in fa.stats(r = r, f = f, phi = phi, n.obs = n.obs, np.obs = np.obs, :
## The estimated weights for the factor scores are probably incorrect. Try a
## different factor score estimation method.
## Loading required namespace: GPArotation
## Warning in fac(r = r, nfactors = nfactors, n.obs = n.obs, rotate = rotate, : I
## am sorry, to do these rotations requires the GPArotation package to be installed

## Warning in fac(r = r, nfactors = nfactors, n.obs = n.obs, rotate = rotate, :
## Matrix was not positive definite, smoothing was done
## The determinant of the smoothed correlation was zero.
## This means the objective function is not defined.
## Chi square is based upon observed residuals.
## The determinant of the smoothed correlation was zero.
## This means the objective function is not defined for the null model either.
## The Chi square is thus based upon observed correlations.
## Warning in fa.stats(r = r, f = f, phi = phi, n.obs = n.obs, np.obs = np.obs, :
## The estimated weights for the factor scores are probably incorrect. Try a
## different factor score estimation method.

Image compression using Independent component anlaysis (ICA)

Image compression using Kmeans

Raster image and factor analysis

## Warning: package 'raster' was built under R version 4.2.2
## Loading required package: sp
## Warning: package 'sp' was built under R version 4.2.2
## Warning: [rast] unknown extent

## Warning: [rast] unknown extent

## Warning: [rast] unknown extent
## [1] 900 599
## Loading required namespace: GPArotation
## Warning in fac(r = r, nfactors = nfactors, n.obs = n.obs, rotate = rotate, : I
## am sorry, to do these rotations requires the GPArotation package to be installed
## The determinant of the smoothed correlation was zero.
## This means the objective function is not defined for the null model either.
## The Chi square is thus based upon observed correlations.

Image Input

## 
## Attaching package: 'EBImage'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:raster':
## 
##     flip, rotate

REAL VS PCA

REAL vs PCAREAL vs PCA

REAL vs PCA

REAL VS SVD

REAL vs SVDREAL vs SVD

REAL vs SVD

REAL VS FACTOR

REAL vs FACTORREAL vs FACTOR

REAL vs FACTOR

REAL VS ICA

REAL vs ICAREAL vs ICA

REAL vs ICA

REAL VS Kmeans

REAL vs KMENASREAL vs KMENAS

REAL vs KMENAS